Index page for: Separation Processes in the Food and Biotechnology Industries

Table of Contents Each chapter ends with a section of references.Preface Separation processes-an overview Foods-the raw material Separation techniques: Introduction, Separation from solids, Separations from gases and vapors Water treatment Supercritical fluid extraction and its application in the food industry Introduction The supercritical fluid state: Physical properties of NCF CO2 Properties of NCF solutions: Solubilities in NCFs, Theoretical models (equations of state (EOS), Diffusion coefficients Factors determining the efficiency of NCF extraction: Extraction stage, Separation stage Equipment and experimental techniques used in NCF extraction and fractionation: Extraction, fractionation Applications: Decaffeination of coffee and tea, Seed oil extraction, Purification of lecithin, Lowering cholesterol levels in foods, Fractionation of high-value oils and fats, Extraction of flavours and fragrances Pressure-activated membrane processes Introduction Terminology Concentration factor and rejection Membrane characteristics Permeate rate Transport phenomena and concentration polarisation Membrane equipment: Membrane configuration Safety and hygiene considerations Reverse osmosis applications: Introduction, Water treatment, Milk processes, Fruit and vegetable juices, Other applications Ultrafiltration Introduction Processing characteristics: Rejection or retention factors, Yield, Average rejection, Practical rejection data Performance of ultrafiltration systems: Transport phenomena and concentration polarisation, Fouling, Factors affecting flux Diafiltration: Washing out at constant volume, Diafiltration applications, Protein fractionation Ultrafiltration applications: Dairy applications, Oilseed and vegetable proteins, Animal products, Biotechnology applications, Medical applications: serum fractionation Microfiltration Introduction Theory, materials and equipment: Membrane configurations and characteristics, Performance of microfiltration systems and membrane fouling Applications in the food and biotechnology industries: Food industry, Applications for biotechnology Conclusions Ion-exchange and electrodialysis Ion-exchange: Theory, materials and equipment, Applications of ion-exchange in the food and biotechnology industries Electrodialysis: Theory and equipment, Applications of ED in the food and biotechnology industries Innovative separation methods in bioprocessing Introduction System characteristics: Physiochemical basis for separation operations, Kinetics and mass transfer Liquid-liquid extraction: introduction: Aqueous two-phase separation, Reverse micelle extraction, Perfluorocarbon affinity separations, Liquid membrane separations Solid-based separations: Adsorption systems: expanded bed adsorption, Continuous adsorption recycle extraction, Membrane chromatography, Chromatographic and adsorption materials Other developments: Electrically enhanced separations, Genetic approaches to protein purification, Purification of intracellular proteins Fractionation of fat Introduction: Crystallisation: nuclei formation and crystal growth, Polymorphism, Quality of edible oils Dry fractionation: Flat-bed vacuum band filter, Rotary drum filters, Membrane filters Detergent fractionation: The Lipofrac process, Crystallisation Solvent fractionation Solids separation processes Introduction Physical properties of solids: Classification of powders, Particle size and particle size distribution, Particle density, Forces of adhesion, Bulk properties, Bulk density and porosity, Flowability Separation of particulates and powders: Size reduction, Sieving Air classification: Introduction, Commercial air classifiers, Process characterisation, Applications, Cereal separations, Legumes, Other applications Wet separation processes: Protein recovery, Soya processing, Wheat protein, Other applications Some miscellaneous solids separations: Dehulling, Peeling, Cleaning of raw materials, Sorting and grading Index30 tables, 103 figuresIllustrations and Tables This new text is well illustrated with schematics, photographs and microphotographs. Tables provide reference data in convenient form. Here is a small sampling of this material. Figures: Pressure-temperature phase diagram for CO2 showing isochores - Schematic of an NCF CO2 pilot plant - An NCF fractionation column . . . Spiral wound configuration - UF plant: batch operation, continuous, internal recycle or feed and bleed, commercial scale - Schematic of electrodialysis process - Scheme of enzyme purification by liquid-liquid extraction - Lipofrac fractionation process Tables: Biochemicals extracted from foods and by products - Examples of physical properties of foods, and separation processes to which they relate - Criteria determining implementation of SCF CO2 extraction - Physiochemical basis for the development of separation processes